10 Surprising Cyber Security Threats You Never Knew Existed

Surprising Cyber Security Threats You Never Knew Existed

In today's digital age, cybersecurity has become a critical concern for individuals and businesses alike. While many are aware of common threats like malware and phishing, there are numerous lesser-known dangers that pose significant risks. Below, we explore ten surprising cybersecurity threats you might not be aware of, but should definitely consider in your security strategies.

 

1. Shadow IT

Shadow IT

Shadow IT refers to the use of unauthorized applications, devices, or services within an organization. Employees often turn to these tools to increase productivity or efficiency without realizing the security risks involved. Shadow IT can lead to data breaches, as these unapproved technologies may not comply with the company’s security standards, leaving sensitive information exposed.

Impact of Shadow IT

• Data Leakage: Unauthorized applications can inadvertently share confidential data.
• Compliance Issues: Using non-compliant tools can result in legal and regulatory repercussions.
• Increased Attack Surface: Unmonitored systems provide more entry points for cyber attackers.

 

2. Watering Hole Attack

Watering hole attack 
Image credit: AVASOFT website 

A watering hole attack involves cybercriminals targeting websites that are frequently visited by a particular group or organization. The attackers compromise these sites and use them to deliver malware to visitors. This type of attack is particularly insidious because it exploits the trust users have in familiar websites.

Preventing Watering Hole Attacks

• Regularly Update Software: Ensure that all software is up-to-date to minimize vulnerabilities.
• Network Monitoring: Implement robust network monitoring to detect unusual activity.
• User Education: Train employees to recognize potential signs of compromised websites.

 

3. Cryptojacking

Cryptojacking

Cryptojacking is the unauthorized use of someone’s computer to mine cryptocurrencies. Hackers achieve this by infecting a system with malware or exploiting vulnerabilities in web browsers. This threat is particularly challenging to detect as it often does not cause immediate noticeable damage but can significantly degrade system performance.

Signs of Cryptojacking

• Reduced Performance: Unexplained slowdowns in computer performance.
• Overheating: Devices may overheat due to excessive processing power being used.
• High CPU Usage: Unusually high CPU usage even when no intensive tasks are being performed.

 

4. IoT Device Exploits

IoT Device Exploits

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced new vulnerabilities. These devices often lack robust security features, making them easy targets for cybercriminals. Once compromised, IoT devices can be used to launch large-scale attacks, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks.

Securing IoT Devices

• Change Default Passwords: Always change default passwords to strong, unique ones.
• Regular Firmware Updates: Keep the firmware of IoT devices updated to patch vulnerabilities.
• Network Segmentation: Isolate IoT devices on a separate network to limit potential damage.

 

5. DNS Spoofing

DNS spoofing 

DNS spoofing (or DNS cache poisoning) involves altering DNS records to redirect traffic from legitimate sites to malicious ones. This can lead to data theft, phishing, or spreading malware. Because DNS is a fundamental part of internet infrastructure, spoofing can have widespread and devastating effects.

Mitigating DNS Spoofing 

• Use DNSSEC: Implement DNS Security Extensions to authenticate DNS data.
• Regular Audits: Conduct regular DNS audits to ensure no unauthorized changes.
• Monitor Traffic: Use network monitoring tools to detect unusual DNS queries.

 

6. Formjacking

Formjacking

Formjacking is a technique where cybercriminals inject malicious code into online forms to steal data entered by users, such as payment information. This can occur on any website with a form, posing significant risks to e-commerce sites.

 Protecting Against Formjacking

• Code Reviews: Regularly review website code for any unauthorized changes.
• Content Security Policy (CSP): Implement CSP to prevent unauthorized scripts from running.
• Real-Time Monitoring: Use real-time monitoring tools to detect and block suspicious activity.

 

7. Vishing

Wishing (voice phishing)

Vishing (voice phishing) is a form of phishing conducted over the phone. Attackers use social engineering techniques to trick individuals into revealing personal information or transferring funds. This threat is particularly dangerous because it exploits human trust and can be challenging to trace.

Preventing Vishing

• Employee Training: Educate employees about the risks and signs of vishing.
• Caller Verification: Implement procedures to verify the identity of callers requesting sensitive information.
• Use Call Blocking Technology: Utilize call blocking and filtering technologies to reduce vishing attempts.

 

8. Synthetic Identity Fraud

Synthetic Identity Fraud

Synthetic identity fraud involves combining real and fake information to create a new identity. This can be used to open fraudulent accounts, apply for credit, or carry out other illicit activities. Detecting this type of fraud is difficult because the synthetic identity often passes through standard verification processes. 

Combating Synthetic Identity Fraud

• Advanced Analytics: Use advanced analytics to detect unusual patterns and anomalies.
• Multi-Factor Authentication: Implement multi-factor authentication to add an extra layer of security.
• Regular Audits: Conduct regular audits of accounts and transactions to spot potential fraud.

 

9. Fileless Malware

Fileless Malware 

Fileless malware resides in the memory of a system rather than being installed on the hard drive. This makes it difficult to detect using traditional antivirus software. Fileless attacks often exploit legitimate system tools and processes, making them harder to trace and remove.

Defending Against Fileless Malware

• Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR): Use EDR solutions to monitor and respond to threats.
• Behavioral Analysis: Implement behavioral analysis to detect abnormal activities.
• Regular System Updates: Keep all software and systems updated to close vulnerabilities.

 

10. Zero-Day Exploits

Zero-day exploits

Zero-day exploits target vulnerabilities that are unknown to the software vendor and thus unpatched. These attacks are particularly dangerous because there is no time to prepare or protect against them before they occur.

Protecting Against Zero-Day Exploits

• Threat Intelligence: Use threat intelligence to stay informed about potential zero-day vulnerabilities.
• Patch Management: Implement a robust patch management process to quickly address vulnerabilities once they are discovered.
• Application Whitelisting: Use application whitelisting to prevent unauthorized software from running.

 

Conclusion

As cyber threats continue to evolve, staying informed about both common and lesser-known risks is crucial. By understanding these surprising cybersecurity threats and implementing robust security measures, individuals and organizations can better protect themselves in an increasingly digital world.