.png "C_codes") |
| C Coding |
In this project, we are going to create a simple program to collect transistor experiment result using C programming language.
Table of Content
What to Expect?
This practice program will help practice the following:
- How to create an array for integers and float (decimal) numbers
- How to create a continuous loop
- How to search through an array to present the data required by the user using the for loop
- Making decision using the if-else statement
After reading this tutorial, be sure to type the code in your text editor and run it, to be sure it works. You can also make charges to it, as it suits you.
This
program was done using code::blocks IDE.
The Transistor Connection
This
program works with arrays to present the result of a PNP transistor when
connected in the forward mode, as shown in the image below.
 |
| PNP transistor |
A transistor experiment is performed by connecting a forward voltage, and as the voltage increased from zero to any maximum number, the transistor changes to different state and each of the state determines the current flowing in the transistor. This program will show three different states of the transistor. The Forward Blocking Mode, the Forward Current Flowing Mode and The Saturation state.
One array
will hold the different voltages (VBE) that can be applied to a transistor,
another parallel array will hold the current flowing in the transistor at
different voltage levels. If a user want to see the state of the transistor and
its particular voltage and current, the experiment number will be inputted by
the user which will be use to loop through the arrays and an output will be
given, showing the voltage, the current and the transistor state.
Procedures
Step 1:
Define the standard input and output header file: Open an empty file in code::blocks, name the file and save. After saving type the following code
#include <stdio.h>Step 2:
Define the experiment variable array, voltage variable array and current variable array: To define the arrays, you need to define the data types. Add the following code to the previous one.
main()
{
int experiment[12] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
float vbe[12] = {0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1.5, 2.5, 3.7, 4.8, 5.6, 7.8,
9.2, 11.5, 12.7};
float current[12] = {0.0, 0.0, 10.2, 23.5, 37.8, 48.9, 50.6,
66.2, 78.4, 120.6, 120.6, 120.6};Feel free to add comment if need be.
Step 3:
Define
other variables to be used in the experiment: apart from the array variables other variables with different data types are required to be added to the program. Add the following code to the previous ones
int ctr; //this is a variable for the counter
int pick; //this is a variable to hold the users choice
int choice1; //this variable determines if the program will run after first trier
int choice2 = 0; //this will help the counter loop through the three arraysThe comment attached, explain what each variable will do
Step 4:
Write an
introductory message to Guide the user and let the user make a choice if he/she
wants to view the experiment result. After the message, the user will be given the choice to start the program or quit. Add the following code to the previous ones.
printf("\nThis program carried out an experiment on a PNP transistor in the forward mode");
printf("\n12 experiment was carried out at different voltage levels");
printf("\nTo see the VBE, current through the junction and transistor state");
printf("\nClick 1 otherwise click 0: ");
scanf(" %d", &choice1);Step 5:
Create a
do-while loop; within the loop, let the user pick the experiment result he/she
wants to view. Create a for loop to check the experiment number, if the number
picked is available in the experiment, it should be assigned to the choice2
variable which will be used to check the voltage and current array for that
particular experiment chosen. Add the following code to the previous ones
do
{
printf("\nPick an experiment number: ");
scanf(" %d", &pick);
// Code to loop through the experiment array
for (ctr=0; ctr<12; ctr++)
{
if (pick == experiment[ctr])
{
choice2 = ctr;
break;
}
}Step 6:
Create
different if-else statement to show the experiment picked, the voltage value,
the current value and the transistor state. Add the following codes to the previous ones.
// Code to output the different answers
if (vbe[choice2] < 0.6)
{
printf("\nFor the experiment %d", choice2+1);
printf("\nVBE = %.1fV.", vbe[choice2]);
printf("\nIc = %.2fA.", current[choice2]);
printf("\nTransistor state: forward blocking (FB)\n");
}
else if ((vbe[choice2] >= 0.6) && (vbe[choice2] <= 9.0))
{
printf("\nFor the experiment %d", choice2+1);
printf("\nVBE = %.1fV.", vbe[choice2]);
printf("\nIc = %.2fA.", current[choice2]);
printf("\nTransistor state: Forward Current Flowing (FCF)\n");
}
else if (vbe[choice2] > 9.0)
{
printf("\nFor the experiment %d", choice2+1);
printf("\nVBE = %.1fV.", vbe[choice2]);
printf("\nIc = %.2fA.", current[choice2]);
printf("\nTransistor state: Saturation State (SS)\n");
} Step 7:
Write codes
to help the user decide if he/she wants to end the program or continue viewing
the result. Then close the do-while loop with a while statement. Add the following codes to the previous ones
printf("\n\nIf you want to check another experiment click 1 otherwise click 0: ");
scanf(" %d", &choice1);
} while (choice1 != 0);
return (0);
}This is the end of the program. You can test your program by clicking on the yellow wrench icon with a green play button as shown in the image below:
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| Image 2 |
View how the codes works in the video below:
Conclusion
From testing the code, you will notice how the different voltage in the array is presented according to the experiment number, and how the transistor state changes at different experiments.
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